Reliable AI Lab · University College Cork

Building Reliable AI for a Trustworthy Future

RAIL advances research on trustworthy, explainable, and safe artificial intelligence, bridging rigorous theory with real-world impact across six specialised research groups.

About RAIL

A research initiative for trustworthy, explainable, and safe AI.

Reliable AI Lab (RAIL) is a research initiative at University College Cork dedicated to advancing the scientific foundations and applied methods of artificial intelligence that society can trust.

We combine theoretical research (optimisation, game theory, causal inference) with applied work across vision, language, decision systems and scientific data. In partnership with the Insight SFI Research Centre and industry collaborators, we move research from publication to real-world deployment in Ireland and beyond.

Read more about our research

Research Groups

Six specialised groups

Tackling the foundational and applied challenges of reliable AI across vision, language, decisions, and scientific data.

SPATIAL

Spatial Intelligence

The Spatial Intelligence Group investigates how vision-language models perceive, reason about, and evaluate visual content at the spatial level. Our research examines whether multimodal AI systems genuinely ground their judgments in visual evidence or rely on linguistic shortcuts, with a focus on image quality assessment across structured quality dimensions. By combining attention analysis, interpretability methods, and established image quality metrics, we develop frameworks to measure and improve spatial grounding in large vision-language models. Our goal is to build AI systems that can reliably assess, compare, and explain visual quality, bridging the gap between human visual perception and machine understanding for applications in generative AI evaluation, automated quality assurance, and scientific figure analysis.

COLLECTIVE

Collective Intelligence

The Collective Intelligence Group is a research team within the Reliable Artificial Intelligence Lab (RAIL). We employ techniques from convex optimization, game theory, machine learning, and deep learning to address challenges in distributed systems and communication networks, with a focus on building systems that are both intelligent and reliable.

LING

Linguistic Intelligence

The Linguistic Intelligence (LING) Group develops data- and compute-efficient methods for natural language processing. Our research focuses on large language models for low-resource scenarios, multilingual and cross-lingual reasoning, and multi-agent collaboration mechanisms. We build language models for extremely low-resource and endangered languages, including Irish, and investigate how reasoning structures transfer across languages through cross-lingual chain-of-thought prompting and test-time compute scaling. Our work advances the scientific understanding and practical deployment of multilingual AI, making language technologies accessible across diverse linguistic communities.

DECISION

Decision Intelligence

The Decision Intelligence (DECISION) Group develops advanced methods to enable smarter, faster, and more reliable decision-making in complex systems. By integrating AI, data-driven approaches, optimization, and system-level modeling, we design scalable, explainable, and high-performance solutions for real-world applications. Our goal is to bridge theory and practice through impactful and deployable innovations.

MULTI

Multi-Representational Intelligence

Multi-representational learning is a cognitive strategy that presents the same information through various formats like text, diagrams, and simulations. By combining different sensory inputs, it helps build a deeper understanding and reduces the mental effort required to process complex ideas. This approach ensures that if one format is unclear or noisy, another provides the necessary context to bridge the gap. Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning could enhance these processes by linking and translating between these different data types. By using such approaches, it is possible to enhance knowledge and information extracted and generate different helpful outputs, such as charts from written descriptions or align spoken words with video frames in real time.

SCIQ

Scientific and Quantum Intelligence

The Scientific and Quantum Intelligence team focuses on developing advanced AI solutions for complex, real-world scientific data. Our work spans acoustic data analysis and healthcare data, with applications in areas such as environmental monitoring and biomedical research. We are particularly interested in building and adapting foundation models for domain-specific datasets to enable scalable and generalizable insights. In addition, we explore emerging paradigms in quantum intelligence to enhance computational efficiency and unlock new capabilities in scientific discovery.

RAIL at a glance

6
Research groups
across the lab
4+
Partners
industry & academic
UCC
University College Cork
home institution
Ireland
National initiative
AI for Ireland

Our Team

Researchers, engineers and advisors

RAIL brings together researchers from across UCC and partner institutions, organised into six intelligence groups under the direction of the lab.

RAIL

Reliable Artificial Intelligence Lab (RAIL)

Harry Nguyen

Director

A/Prof Harry Nguyen

Spatial Intelligence

(SPATIAL)

IP
Incoming PD
Vu Xuan Dinh
Vu Xuan Dinh
Gia Tuan Nghia Nguyen
Gia Tuan Nghia Nguyen
Manh Thang Tran
Manh Thang Tran

Collective Intelligence

(COLLECTIVE)

Dr Mai Le
Dr Mai Le
Minh-Quy Le
Minh-Quy Le
Khanh-Vinh Tran
Khanh-Vinh Tran
Minh Quang Nguyen
Minh Quang Nguyen
Uyen Dinh
Uyen Dinh
Selina Vu
Selina Vu

Linguistic Intelligence

(LING)

Khanh-Tung Tran
Khanh-Tung Tran
Thai Hoa Tran
Thai Hoa Tran
Hoang Quoc Viet Pham
Hoang Quoc Viet Pham
Daniella Traynor
Daniella Traynor
Duc Luu Le
Duc Luu Le
Mai Anh Pham
Mai Anh Pham

Decision Intelligence

(DECISION)

Dr Preeja Pradeep
Dr Preeja Pradeep
Joseph Chai
Joseph Chai
Khoi Hoang
Khoi Hoang
Ha Nguyen
Ha Nguyen
Hoang Tu Bui
Hoang Tu Bui
HL
Hai Long Nguyen

Multi-Representational Intelligence

(MULTI)

Dr Eduardo Vyhmeister
Dr Eduardo Vyhmeister
Duc Hai Nguyen
Duc Hai Nguyen
Robert Dao
Robert Dao
Kinza Salim
Kinza Salim
Le Lai Hoang
Le Lai Hoang
IR
Incoming RA

Scientific and Quantum Intelligence

(SCIQ)

Dr Haseeb Younis
Dr Haseeb Younis
Muhammad Azeem
Muhammad Azeem
My Nguyen
My Nguyen
HV
Hang Vu
Xinggang Ji
Xinggang Ji
Truong Hoang
Truong Hoang
Glib Tkachenko
Glib Tkachenko

36 members · 6 research groups

Advisors and Partners

Prof.
Barry O'Sullivan
UCC
Sci. Prof.
Shan Ling Pan
UNSW Sydney
Prof.
Utz Roedig
UCC
Prof.
George Shorten
UCC
Prof.
Ken Brown
UCC
Prof.
Dirk Pesch
UCC
A/Prof
Rosane Minghim
UCC
A/Prof
David Murphy
UCC
A/Prof
Andrea Visentin
UCC
Asst. Prof.
Krishnendu Guha
UCC
Prof.
Wemru Wang
NUS
Dr.
Trong Le
VNU
Asst. Prof.
Viet Pham
TCD
Asst. Prof.
Xuan-Son Vu
LTH

Projects

Flagship initiatives

AI for Ireland
Flagship initiative

AI for Ireland

A national initiative to advance reliable and responsible AI across Ireland.

Visit project site

Latest research

Publications

A selection of recent papers from our research groups.

Disentangling Continued Pre-training: Attention-Driven Routing and Semantic Hub Preservation in Language Adaptation

Khanh-Tung Tran, Vinh-Khanh Tran, Barry O'Sullivan, Harry Nguyen

ACL 2026 · San Diego, USA · July 2–7, 2026

ToolBrain: A Flexible Reinforcement Learning Framework for Agentic Tools

Quy Minh Le, Minh Sao Khue Luu, Khanh-Tung Tran, Duc-Hai Nguyen, Hoang-Quoc-Viet Pham, Quan Le, Hoang Thanh Lam, Harry Nguyen

AAMAS 2026 · Paphos, Cyprus

Questionnaire meets LLM: A Benchmark and Empirical Study of Structural Skills for Understanding Questions and Responses

Duc-Hai Nguyen, Vijayakumar Nanjappan, Barry O'Sullivan, Harry Nguyen

LREC-COLING 2026 · Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Irish-BLiMP: A Linguistic Benchmark for Evaluating Human and Language Model Performance in a Low-Resource Setting

Josh McGiff, Khanh-Tung Tran, William Mulcahy, Dáibhidh Ó Luinín, Jake Dalzell, Róisín Ní Bhroin, Adam Burke, Barry O'Sullivan, Harry Nguyen, Nikola S. Nikolov

LREC-COLING 2026 · Palma de Mallorca, Spain

VIVID: A Culturally Grounded Benchmark Exposing the Figurative Language Gap in Vietnamese NLP

Tu Tran Do, Nhat Ngoc Nguyen, Tung Khanh Tran, Harry Nguyen, Tu Minh Phuong, Long Hoang Dang

LREC-COLING 2026 · Palma de Mallorca, Spain

Interested in working with RAIL?

Western Gateway Building, Cork, Ireland

info@reliableai.org